5. Surveying the heritage: the historical pedigree of penal substitution

Introduction: Why bother with church history?
Justin Martyr (c. 100-165)
Eusebius of Caesarea (c. 275–339)
Hilary of Poitiers (c. 300–368)
Athanasius (c. 300-373)
Gregory of Nazianzus (c. 330-390)
Ambrose of Milan (339-397)
John Chrysostom (c. 350-397)
Augustine of Hippo (354-430)
Cyril of Alexandria (375-444)
Gelasius of Cyzicus (fifth century)
Gregory the Great (c. 540-604)
Thomas Aquinas (c. 125-1274)
John Calvin (1509-64)
Francis Turretin (1623-87)
John Bunyan (1628-88)
John Owen (1616-85)
George Whitefield (1714-70)
Charles H. Spurgeon (1834-92)
D. Martyn Lloyd-Jones (1899-1981)
John R. W. Stott (born 1921)
J. I. Packer (born 1926)